RESUMO
Objetivo: A disseminação da resistência bacteriana se tornou o principal obstáculo no tratamento das infecções em todo o mundo. As infecções relacionadas aos cuidados de saúde (IRCS) constituem grande parte do total de infecções diagnosticadas no Brasil. A principal causa para a elevação deste índice é a disseminação bacteriana por profissionais de saúde. O principal patógeno isolado nas IRCS no Brasil é o Staphylococcus aureus e em grande parte dos casos é confirmado seu perfil multirresistente a diversos antibióticos, sendo que algumas destas cepas são denominadas Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA). O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a prevalência de S. aureus e MRSA na microbiota nasal dos acadêmicos de biomedicina, enfermagem e fisioterapia da instituição de ensino superior de Araucária (PR) em período de estágio. Métodos: Foram coletadas amostras de swab nasal de 51 indivíduos, semeadas em ágar manitol salgado 7,5%. As colônias sugestivas de S. aureus tiveram confirmação com bacterioscopia, testes de catalase e coagulase. Após confirmadas, as cepas de S. aureus foram semeadas em ágar cromogênico seletivo e diferencial para MRSA. Resultados: A taxa de colonização nasal por S. aureus foi de 45,1%; destas cepas 91,3% eram MRSA, o que representa 41,2% do total de indivíduos. Conclusão: Os dados alcançados evidenciam a necessidade de vigilância de resistência bacteriana em profissionais e estudantes de saúde para evitar a ocorrência de IRCS.
Objective: The spread of bacterial resistance has become the main obstacle in the treatment of infections worldwide. Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) constitute a large part of the total number of infections diagnosed in Brazil and the main cause for these rates is the bacterial spread by healthcare professionals. The main pathogen isolated in the HAI in Brazil is S. aureus and, in most cases, its multi-resistant profile to several antibiotics is confirmed, some of these strains are called Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in the nasal microbiota of biomedicine, nursing and physiotherapy students at the Araucária (PR) higher education institution during the internship period. Methods: Nasal swab samples were collected from 51 individuals, sown on mannitol salt agar 7.5%. Colonies suggestive of S. aureus were confirmed with bacterioscopy, catalase and coagulase tests. After confirmed, the strains of S. aureus were sown on selective and differential chromogenic agar for MRSA. Results: The rate of nasal colonization by S. aureus was 45.1%, of these strains 91.3% were MRSA, which represents 41.2% of the total of individuals. Conclusion: The data obtained show the need for surveillance of bacterial resistance in health professionals and students to prevent the occurrence of HAI.
RESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: We defined the cut-off values of the antigenemia and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA tests in HIV/AIDS patients to identify CMV disease. METHODS: A total of 97 samples from 68 patients with and without CMV disease were analyzed by viral DNA detection and antigenemia assay. RESULTS: Qualitative and quantitative results significantly differed between assays. The cut-off values for the antigenemia and qPCR assays were 1.5 positive cells/200,000 leukocytes and 3.715 log/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Antigenemia and qPCR are suitable for monitoring CMV disease in HIV patients, however, the threshold values should be determined within the centers where the patients are monitored.